This work offers a historical account of Kilmainham Gaol, integrating architectural analysis with socio-political context. Its 42 pages are structured chronologically: beginning with the prison's founding amidst penal reform in 1796, it progresses through the addition of Victorian wings, the impact of the Great Famine, the incarcerations of political figures during 19th- and early 20th-century rebellions, and its eventual closure in 1924 following Irish independence. The authors employ primary sources -including gaol registers, governmental commissions, and visual documentation - to assess shifts in carceral policy, class treatment, and nationalist symbolism.